My thesis included the results from my previously published papers as well as chapters on the validation of the dynamic Smagorinsky subgrid-scale model and a new upper boundary condition which applies small-scale plumes on the top of the simulation in order to mimc the effects of near-surface convection.
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Sample snapshot of the upper boundary condition for case P in Mollweide projection. (a) Radial velocity field applied at the outer boundary. (b) Pressure field implicitly
applied by a boundary condition on the plume opening angles. The pressure is generally
negative in the cold downflows. (c) Entropy field for the same plumes with low entropy in
the downflows and high entropy in the upflows.
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